(1) Basic questions such as the chromosomal evolution or the phylogeny of these living fossils are still unresolved.(2) Phylogenetics, the science of phylogeny , is one part of the larger field of systematics, which also includes taxonomy.(3) The phylogeny of Rex3 diverges significantly from the classical fish phylogeny .(4) Therefore it was important to clarify the theoretical foundations of both phylogeny and systematics.(5) The phylogeny of archaeans is based on molecular sequences in their DNA.(6) Here we use gene genealogies to investigate the phylogeny of recent speciation in the heliconiine butterflies.(7) If this is indeed so, then symbiont phylogeny should roughly correlate with host phylogeny .(8) The correlation between molecular phylogeny and biogeography is close.(9) In both cases, alterations of developmental timing produce parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny .(10) In addition to ecology, phylogeny may also influence life history parameters.(11) On the basis of the phylogenic relationships, autogamous species most likely evolved from self-incompatibility ancestors that have exserted stigmas.(12) First, several scientists independently launched the hypothesis that the pineal gland is a phylogenic relic, a vestige of a dorsal third eye.(13) Phylogenically old structures, such as the brain stem, are considered more resistant to gene-environment influence.(14) The immunophilins are a family of phylogenically conserved binding proteins possessing peptidal prolyl isomerase activity, including cyclophilin and FK506 binding protein (FKBPs).(15) If organisms not related by a phylogenic evolutionary tree show dramatically similar features one reads this is due to u2018evolutionary convergenceu2019.(16) A detailed phylogenic analysis of the suborder Acanthroidei was completed by Tyler et al.