(1) The tiny particles in colloidal gold were not seen directly until the early twentieth century, when the Austrian chemist Richard Adolf Zsigmondy invented the ultramicroscope , a device capable of resolving such small objects.(2) Nevertheless the apparent trajectory of an element in the ultramicroscope is not a curve without tangents.(3) Generally the nanoplasmonic ultramicroscope would allow for the first direct observation of ultrafast processes in nanosystems, such as the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy.(4) Richard Adolph Zsigmondy was an Austrian chemist and professor who invented the ultramicroscope and used the device to make numerous discoveries regarding the nature of colloids.(5) The exsistence of the ultramicroscopes , and their primacy in their day, is arcane, but not controversial.
