(1) However, there may be water locked in permafrost in some deep polar craters.(2) These self-organized patterns result from the effects of freezing and thawing on layers of stone and soil overlying permafrost .(3) The forest grows atop permafrost , a layer of soil that remains frozen year-round.(4) Hot, dry summers have thawed permafrost layers and shriveled berry crops.(5) It's springtime in Siberia, where slumbering mammoths are emerging from melting permafrost .(6) A species of bacterium locked in Alaskan permafrost for 32,000 years woke up and started swimming as soon as its medium melted.(7) Increased snow and ice melt have caused higher rivers while thawing permafrost has wreaked havoc with roads and other infrastructure.(8) In the north soil takes the form of permafrost , where the water in the ground is permanently frozen.(9) These climates introduced permafrost and cold-climate weathering products to river systems.(10) The rest of the year what little soil there is on the surface is rock hard above permafrost .(11) But most of it is under tundra permafrost , if not indeed under even more inhospitable terrain.(12) hilly terrain underlain by permafrost(13) On Alaska's northern coast, they met Native Alaskans dealing with melting permafrost and coastal erosion.(14) In regions influenced by permafrost , water migrates along the thermal gradient from warm to cold, thereby feeding ice in the frozen core.(15) In some areas, thawing of permafrost will improve infiltration.(16) However, permafrost covered large northern areas and many habitats were fragmented and displaced southward.
