(1) In foliose lichens, there is a second cortex below the medulla.(2) Therefore, no data were available in these species for the developmental transition of meristem from the juvenile to the mature foliose root.(3) The mechanism of the limpet effect involved sheltering of the limpet by the foliose fronds of this turf-forming alga.(4) This tome includes detailed entries on more than 800 foliose , fruticose, and crustose lichens.(5) G. mucronatus is common among algal mats and foliose macroalgae.