(1) If there is a substantial lag between the release of the closure of a stop or the end of the frication of an affricate , and the onset of voicing in the vowel, it is said to be aspirated.(2) We can note, for instance, the general avoidance of fricatives and affricates in pidgin phonological inventories.(3) For example, the aspirated series of stops and affricates are written by adding a horizontal stroke to the letters for the plain series.(4) Mandarin Chinese has just two series of stops and affricates , one aspirated, the other unaspirated.(5) The sounds that agree in voicing comprise stops, fricatives, and affricates .
