(1) With some steels, the enriched austenite does not precipitate carbide, but remains as a film of retained austenite .(2) Premature austenite decomposition has been found to be detrimental to mechanical properties.(3) This implies that after hardening these steels practically always contain some residual austenite .(4) Titanium can reduce carbon in austenite by forming very stable carbides.(5) When the steel is heated well above the upper critical temperature large austenite crystals form.(6) This high temperature treatment produces uniform austenite of rather large grain size.(7) Aluminum is widely used as a deoxidizer and was the first element used to control austenite grain growth during reheating.(8) At higher temperatures, the structure switches to austenite .(9) This level of carbon also decreases the solubility of the microalloying constituents in austenite .(10) This soft retained austenite can accommodate impact stresses better than the harder constituents.(11) Cold rolled austenitic stainless steel is another alternative.(12) These alloys are wholly austenitic and exhibit high strength at elevated temperatures.(13) Stress corrosion cracking is very substantially reduced in high nickel austenitic alloys.(14) One significant difference between the cast and wrought stainless steels is in the microstructure of cast austenitic stainless steels.(15) Most austenitic stainless steels are used in corrosive environments.(16) The basic composition of austenitic stainless steels is 18% chromium and 8% nickel.
